1794-IV16

電機(jī)是一種輸入電功率、輸出機(jī)械功率的原動(dòng)機(jī)械。因此，我們關(guān)心的是它的轉(zhuǎn)矩、轉(zhuǎn)速，以及轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速隨輸入電壓、電流、負(fù)載變化而變化的規(guī)律。據(jù)此，電機(jī)的運(yùn)行特性可分為起動(dòng)特性、工作特性、機(jī)械特性和調(diào)速特性。

討論各種電機(jī)的運(yùn)行特性時(shí)，－般都從轉(zhuǎn)速公式、電動(dòng)勢(shì)平衡方程式、轉(zhuǎn)矩公式和轉(zhuǎn)矩平衡方程式出發(fā)。

無刷直流電機(jī)的特性計(jì)算需要考慮電機(jī)的電磁特性和機(jī)械特性兩個(gè)方面。其中，電磁特性包括電機(jī)的電磁勢(shì)、電磁轉(zhuǎn)矩、電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和電流等，機(jī)械特性包括電機(jī)的負(fù)載特性、轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量、轉(zhuǎn)矩常數(shù)等。下面介紹一些常用的無刷直流電機(jī)特性計(jì)算公式：

轉(zhuǎn)速計(jì)算公式：

N = K × （V - I × R） / Φ

其中，N為電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速，K為電機(jī)常數(shù)，V為電機(jī)電壓，I為電機(jī)電流，R為電機(jī)電阻，Φ為電機(jī)磁通量。

扭矩計(jì)算公式：

T = K × I × Φ

其中，T為電機(jī)輸出扭矩，K為電機(jī)常數(shù)，I為電機(jī)電流，Φ為電機(jī)磁通量。

功率計(jì)算公式：

P = T × N / 9550

其中，P為電機(jī)輸出功率，T為電機(jī)輸出扭矩，N為電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速。

效率計(jì)算公式：

η = Pout / Pin

其中，η為電機(jī)效率，Pout為電機(jī)輸出功率，Pin為電機(jī)輸入功率。

電機(jī)常數(shù)計(jì)算公式：

K = Φ / （I × N）

其中，K為電機(jī)常數(shù)，Φ為電機(jī)磁通量，I為電機(jī)電流，N為電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速。

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